Jarvis answers, explaining that Mrs. Jarvis had been ill for some time. He writes this explanation so that Kumalo will not think that Arthur's murder caused Mrs. Jarvis to die, thus indicating that Mr. Jarvis has developed a deeper sympathy and compassion for the feeling of the blacks. At the same time, Jarvis promises Kumalo a new church. One of the natives responds by scouring the countryside in order to find the best white lilies for a wreath for Mrs.
In Chapter 35, we begin to see that in the reconstruction of the land, the demonstrator must work against the grumbling and discontent of the natives. He has to make them understand that reconstruction is a long, slow process and that they cannot expect too much in a short time.
The demonstrator and Kumalo have a discussion about who has responsibility for the condition of the land. Kumalo refuses to put all the blame on the white man and asserts the gratitude he feels for the way in which Mr.
Jarvis has helped them. Kumalo warns the demonstrator not to hate any man and not to desire power over any man. From his trip to Johannesburg, Kumalo has learned the tragedy that can occur when hate and power control a man. Hope rests with people like the demonstrator, who assures Kumalo that he has no hate and desires only to work for the good of all of Africa.
The day before Absalom is to die, Stephen goes to the mountain to be alone with his thoughts and with God. King David, too, when he learned of the death of his son Absalom, went off by himself, to weep and mourn and cry, "O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! So the parallel between Cry, the Beloved Country and the Biblical story holds true. The meeting between Jarvis and Stephen is as close as these men will ever come. Each says almost all he feels, and yet there remains some reticence, and Paton repeats several times the phrase "but such a thing is not done lightly" to illustrate that however much these men feel in common and however much love they have for one another, the pattern of racial relations in South Africa comes between even them.
The other person to whom Kumalo must speak is the headmaster, a smiling man in round spectacles. Kumalo goes to the chief, who tells Kumalo to wait. As Kumalo rests, he realizes how far he has traveled since the journey to Johannesburg.
When Kumalo speaks to the chief, he tells him that he has been to Johannesburg, where he saw many of their people. He suggests to the chief that they should try to keep some of the people in the valley by caring for the land before it is too late.
The chief finally says that he has thought of these matters for some time, and he will talk to the inspector again soon. Kumalo replies that it is sad to look upon the place where they are teaching it, but the cattle are dying and children are dying.
The chief reminds him that the suffering is because of the drought, but Kumalo says that, dry or not, for many years it has been the same. The chief finally dismisses him, and Kumalo returns to the church. He seeks the headmaster of the school, but is not more successful with him. The headmaster is polite and obliging, but he cannot answer Kumalo's question of how to keep the children in Ndotsheni. As Kumalo works in his church, he sees a small white boy on a red horse. The little boy tells Kumalo that he goes to St.
Mark's, and he asks if he can see inside the parson's house. The little boy asks about what Kumalo is working on, and he says that it is the church's accounts. The little boy says that he thought that only shops have accounts. The little boy wishes to know a little about Zulu, and the meaning of inkosana, which Kumalo calls him it is little master , and he asks what he should call Kumalo.
The boy asks for milk from the refrigerator, but Kumalo says that they have neither milk nor a refrigerator. Kumalo teaches the boy a bit of Zulu, and the boy says that he will visit him again. When the boy asks what children do, Kumalo says that the children, such as the child of Kuluze, are dying without milk. At dinner, Kumalo and his wife, the girl and the small boy have their meal. The friend who carried Kumalo's bags arrives at the house with a message from Jarvis.
The friend asks if the small white boy was there today, and then tells Kumalo that he saw the white boy talking about Kuluse's child. The friend brings milk for Kumalo to distribute to the small children. Alan Paton devotes this chapter to the obstacles that Stephen Kumalo faces in his attempts to bring back order to Ndotsheni. Primary among these obstacles is the chief who rules over the region, whom Paton portrays as a man who is devoted only to his personal well-being and not that of his subjects.
He essentially dismisses Kumalo's concerns, despite the minister's respected position in the community, and leaves Kumalo with little more than platitudes. This continues a theme of ineffective leaders that are prevalent throughout Cry, the Beloved Country. The chief is little more than John Kumalo in native dress and traditional mannerisms.
Again, Paton creates an uncomfortable racial divide; while most of the white authority figures in the novel are benevolent James Jarvis, the judge, the reformatory worker , the black characters in positions of power John Kumalo, the chief are corrupt.
In this chapter, Stephen Kumalo evolves from his earlier denial and shame to a sense of duty and social justice. No longer expressing doubts over whether or not he is appropriate for his role, he instead uses his tragedies as an impetus for action on behalf of his village. Yet it is not Stephen Kumalo's newfound sense of social justice that leads to the first step toward improvement in his village.
It is instead the sense of kindness and empathy that he has shown throughout the novel and that he shows toward the little boy. It is by spending time with the young boy and teaching the little white boy that he causes action to be taken. Although it is not explicitly stated yet in this chapter, Paton greatly foreshadows that it is James Jarvis who donates the milk for the small children.
Paton earlier established that Jarvis's estate is the source for most of the water in the village, and Jarvis repays the kindness that Kumalo showed to the young white boy as well as his earlier established decency with actions intended to help save Kumalo's village.
Although there is a sense that social activism plays a small role in the decision Kumalo's concern for the matter are so great that he tells the boy about the problems in Ndotsheni , it is a sense of basic human decency that leads to social improvement.
This corresponds with Paton's view that improvement in South Africa is only possible when people work communally for the social good, behaving with a sense of Christian decency and kindness. Kumalo receives several letters from Johannesburg, including one from Absalom to his wife, from Absalom to his parents, one from Msimangu and one from Mr. Kumalo opens the one from Carmichael fearfully, because it concerns the mercy.
The lawyer writes that there will be none, and that Absalom will be hanged on the fifteenth day of the month. Kumalo sits idly in pain, so his wife suggests that he go see Kuluse's child and do his work. Kumalo shows his wife the letter from Absalom, who writes that he is locked in prison, but can smoke and read and write letters. He writes that he thinks of them back in Ndotsheni, and if he were back there he would not leave again.
When Kumalo reads Msimangu's letter, he finds himself astonished to be faintly nostalgic for the great city. Kumalo sees a car from down the road from Carisbrooke. There is a white man on a horse waiting for the car: it is Jarvis. The man in the car is the magistrate. He meets with the chief, and they appear to discuss what should be done; Kumalo is too far away to hear, but he can see that they are using sticks to discuss their plans.
Kumalo hears the magistrate say to one of the white men that they say that Jarvis is going crazy and won't have any money left. The magistrate orders that none of the sticks be moved. Upload document Create flashcards. Flashcards Collections. Documents Last activity. Add to Add to collection s Add to saved. Paragraphs two and three in Chapter 1 sharply contrast.
Explain the significance of these two paragraphs in terms of the novel's central theme. Come back to this later if you can't answer it at first. Identify Stephen, John, and Gertrude. Why did Stephen Kumalo go to Johannesburg? And now the fear back again. What happened to Kumalo when he first arrived in Johannesburg? Identify Msimangu and Mrs.
Describe Gertrude's sickness. Why is Gertrude's sickness upsetting to Kumalo? What is Kumalo's brother John doing in Johannesburg? The tragedy is that they are not mended again. Describe Kumalo's meeting with his sister when he finds her in Johannesburg. Kumalo bought Gertrude and the child new clothes. Why is that symbolically important? Describe Kumalo's first meeting with his brother John in Johannesburg.
What is Msimangu's one hope for his country? Chapters 8 - 10 1. Why did Dubauwoodnt Kumalo ask Msimangu to walk instead of taking a bus? Why is the government more afraid of Dubula than Tomlinson or John Kumalo? Remarkable for its lyricism, unforgettable for character and incident, Cry, the Beloved Country is a classic work of love and hope, courage and endurance, born of the dignity of man. An Oprah Book Club selection, Cry, the Beloved Country, was an immediate worldwide bestseller when it was published in Major Themes in Cry, the Beloved Country Race — The novel examines racial segregation in South Africa during apartheid and its economic and social effects.
A corrupted land makes a corrupt society. Paton sustains this double image by contrasting the pastoral countryside symbolized by the Umzimkulu valley with the urban jungle of Johannesburg. The party, which advocated universal voting rights and nonviolence, was banned in when the South African government prohibited all multiracial parties.
In the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, written by Alan Paton, apartheid plays a significant role throughout, as it encourages those who struggle with inequality to take a stand for themselves and try to change the way their lives are determined by others.
Stephen Kumalo changes drastically during the course of the novel. He gains a great awareness of many facets of life by going on a journey to Johannesburg. Throughout the novel, from beginning to end, he is humble, pious, and sensitive. An Anglican priest, Kumalo cares for his parishioners and presides over the modest church of the village he calls home.
Arthur Jarvis is a small but important character in Cry, the Beloved Country. The son of plantation owner James Jarvis, Arthur was a Johannesburg political activist and social reformer. He appears in the novel only in the form of the unfinished manuscripts he left behind, and in the memories of his friends and family. Forgiveness, unity, and hope are yet possible. The loss of traditional values can be stopped and reversed. Though she was unkind to him, Kumalo knows that she will be arrested as an accomplice to murder if she stays in Johannesburg.
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