At this point, the black hole will also be emitting very high energy gamma rays along with the electrons, positrons, and neutrinos.
This all starts when the black hole has shrunk to about 56 million "blue whales" and it will still be , times the current age of the universe away from its final explosion.
As the temperature gets higher and higher, more kinds of particles and antiparticles will be emitted by the black hole - basically, if the temperature of the black hole is high enough to create these particles, it will. The details of the last few microseconds or nanoseconds of the lifetime of a black hole will depend on the details of quantum gravity - and we have no quantum gravity theory at this point that could calculate those details. However, we do not have any evidence for black holes of less than about a Solar mass in our universe right now.
Theoretically, there could have been smaller primordial black holes created at the time of the big bang. If these were in the right mass range, they could possibly be exploding about now, Astronomers have searched for the kind of explosion with no success. In order for a black hole to be exploding now, its mass at the time of the big bang would have had to have been approximately , "blue whales.
There is no known astrophysical process that could create black holes with a mass much smaller than a few Solar masses in our universe today. The smallest black holes that can be created today are from the remnants of supernova explosions of stars. The problem is that for smaller stars, the remnant of the supernova explosion would end being a white dwarf star or a neutron star.
It is only the supernova explosion of larger stars that will result in a remnant that is heavier than a few Solar masses. Remnants that are more than a few Solar masses will not stop in the white dwarf or neutron star stage and will instead continue to collapse to become a black hole.
This table uses our convenient "blue whale" mass unit 2. The power unit is in terms of the total energy per second that the Sun delivers to the surface of the Earth:. So, a black hole with a mass of blue whales will explode in about 12 days, and at the beginning of those 12 days it will be about as "bright" as the Earth would be if it were completely white and reflected all of the Sun's light.
Note that this is not very bright when compared to a typical star! However, the Sun mostly emits its energy in visible light photons, whereas most of the black hole's energy will be in very, very high energy gamma rays and particles of various types. In fact, during the entire last "current age of the universe's" part of any black hole's life, it will mostly be emitting high energy gamma rays since its temperature is greater than 10 11 K for the last So if a primordial black hole happens to evaporate somewhere nearby while the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is pointing at it, the satellite may be able to detect the particular gamma ray signature of the explosion.
That was one of the design goals for Fermi - however, no black hole gamma ray explosions have been seen so far. Collisions between black holes end with the two invisible masses uniting , something that scientists can observe with the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, which first detected gravitational waves from the merger of two black holes in the announcement of the discovery came in They also are expected to shine more in x-ray wavelengths of light, and there are already other objects in the Universe that dominate that particular spectrum.
Whatever the size, black holes go through certain phases—coming into being, growing—throughout the course of their existence. But can they ever die? Stephen Hawking thought that it might be possible, through a physics mechanism that is now known as Hawking radiation.
The idea is that if a black hole were sitting there by itself no longer accreting mass it could eventually be worn down by subatomic particles. Bentz explains that it goes something like this: all over the universe, pairs of subatomic particles are popping into existence right next to each other.
One half of the pair is a particle, the other is an antiparticle, and usually just after they spring into the Universe, they smack into each other and vanish into energy again. If that process keeps happening repeatedly without more mass joining the black hole, eventually you can radiate the whole thing away.
But for black holes—whether stellar mass or supermassive or anything in between—it would take huge amounts of time to even make a dent. The incredible amount of time and the huge difference in scale between a massive or supermassive black holes and subatomic particles means that the slow leak of Hawking radiation from a black hole is impossible to observe directly.
If nothing were to enter the black hole, Hawking Radiation would allow it to expire. If living matter approached a black hole, it would be pulled apart atom by atom.
Scientists call it spaghettification, believe it or not. Most likely, it would probably not be viable. We don't exactly know for sure because no one has been to a black hole.
June 10, AM. Posted By: Anjali A. How much time do the black hole will take to die?? So if living matter is sucked in can it be viable after this black hole death?? May 28, AM. Posted By: Bruce Braun. Great post, Thomas. It's incredible how complex physical processes can be, and even more amazing, how we've come to learn about dynamic cosmic forces such as these.
I suppose humanity has to take one step at a time, but who knows what we'll know about black holes in one hundred or two hundred years? Exciting stuff! I hope I live long enough to see some of those breakthroughs, and long enough to hopefully try to understand them! May 27, PM. The universe is a big place. In particular, the size of a region where a particular black hole has significant gravitational influence is quite limited compared to the size of a galaxy.
This applies even to supermassive black holes like the one found in the middle of the Milky Way. This black hole has probably already "eaten" most or all of the stars that formed nearby, and stars further out are mostly safe from being pulled in. Since this black hole already weighs a few million times the mass of the Sun, there will only be small increases in its mass if it swallows a few more Sun-like stars.
There is no danger of the Earth located 26, light years away from the Milky Way's black hole being pulled in. Future galaxy collisions will cause black holes to grow in size, for example by merging of two black holes. But collisions won't happen indefinitely because the universe is big and because it's expanding, and so it's very unlikely that any sort of black hole runaway effect will occur. The late physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that while black holes get bigger by eating material, they also slowly shrink because they are losing tiny amounts of energy called "Hawking radiation.
Hawking radiation occurs because empty space, or the vacuum, is not really empty. It is actually a sea of particles continually popping into and out of existence. Hawking showed that if a pair of such particles is created near a black hole, there is a chance that one of them will be pulled into the black hole before it is destroyed. In this event, its partner will escape into space. The energy for this comes from the black hole, so the black hole slowly loses energy, and mass, by this process.
Eventually, in theory, black holes will evaporate through Hawking radiation. But it would take much longer than the entire age of the universe for most black holes we know about to significantly evaporate.
Black holes, even the ones around a few times the mass of the Sun, will be around for a really, really long time! Want to visit a black hole? Galaxy NGC is shown in visible light and X-rays in this composite image. The X-ray light is coming from an active supermassive black hole, also known as a quasar, in the center of the galaxy.
This supermassive black hole has been extensively studied due to its relatively close proximity to our galaxy. Scientists obtained the first image of a black hole, seen here, using Event Horizon Telescope observations of the center of the galaxy M
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